250248 Theories of Belonging (S) (WiSe 2025/2026)

This course offers an in-depth exploration of the foundational theories surrounding the concept of belonging. Students will delve into the motivational, relational, and sociological/ecological frameworks that illuminate the complexities of belonging, and gain a nuanced understanding of how these dynamics influence individual and collective experiences.

Motivational theories - such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow, 1968, 1971), Deci & Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 2001), Glasser’s Choice Theory (Glasser, 1986), and the Belongingness Hypothesis proposed by Baumeister & Leary (Baumeister & Leary, 1995) - provide insight into the intrinsic link between the need for belonging and personal motivation. These theories will help students understand how belonging drives behavior and shapes identity.

Relational theories - including Bowlby’s Attachment Theory (Bowlby, 1969), Fiske’s Theory of Social Motives (Fiske, 2004), and Tajfel and Turner’s Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) - will be examined to understand the role of relationships and social networks in fostering or hindering a sense of belonging. These theories highlight the importance of social connections in the development of individual well-being and community cohesion.

Sociological/ecological theories - such as Cohen’s Symbolic Construction of Community (Cohen, 1985) and Bronfenbrenner’s Socioecological Model of Human Development (Bronfenbrenner, 1994) - broaden the scope by considering the wider societal and environmental contexts that influence belonging. Students will explore how community structures, cultural narratives, and ecological settings contribute to or challenge the sense of belonging.

Throughout the course, students will engage in critical analysis, discussion, and synthesis of these diverse theoretical perspectives, applying them to various social contexts. By the end of the course, students will have a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of belonging, equipping them with the skills to critically evaluate and apply these theories in real-world scenarios.